Abstract:
Land conversion from agricultural to cement factory and mining areas has
consequences for environmental change and degradation that cause disasters
and sustainability farmer livelihood. This study aimed to analyze land
conversion to a cement factory and mining as determinants of environmental
change, environmental change as a determinant of environmental
degradation, and the effect of environmental change and environmental
degradation on the sustainability of farmer livelihoods. This research used a
sequential explanatory design or quantitative rather than qualitative. The
research sample totaled 183 respondents. Data collection used the
quantitative stage using questionnaires and the qualitative stage using in-
depth interviews, observation, and literature study. The results showed that
land conversion to a cement factory and mining are causes of environmental
change, followed by environmental degradation, such as factory smoke
pollution, dust from karst mines, factory vehicle dust, and soil pollution due
to coal piles. Environmental change is a cause of environmental degradation,
such as crop failure, acute respiratory illness, land clearing, and flooding.
The effect of environmental change and environmental degradation on the
sustainability of farmer livelihoods is that almost all farmers sell their rice
fields for the factory area, then buy ponds, do business, open stalls, and open
photocopy businesses. No one returned to being a farmer. The conversion of
agricultural land to a cement factory and mining caused a decrease in
environmental functions, namely the disruption of the ecosystem chain,
which caused flooding and acute respiratory disease and caused farmers to
switch to non-agricultural livelihoods.
