Suburban Development Model: A Transformation Determinant Perspective on Settlement Densification in Makassar City, Indonesia

Abstract

The growth of settlement areas experienced a pattern of densification and was followed by physical spatial, residential, economic, and sociocultural transformations. Given the importance of conceptualizing development models and modeling the relationship between densification and transformation in peri-urban settlements, this study aims to analyze the factors that determine the densification and physical transformation of residential areas, the effect of transformation on densification, and the suburban development model. This study uses a quantitative survey method with 391 samples in the settlement community of Bumi Tamalanrea Permai and its surroundings. The data were analyzed simultaneously using a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach with the help of partial least squares (PLS) software. The results showed that spatial transformation and physical residential determined densification with an R2 value of 0.466, or 46.6%, while spatial, economic, and sociocultural transformation determined physical residential with an R2 value of 0.47.8, or 47.8%. The urban development model determines the spatial and physical transformation of housing that encourages an increase in residential units with designations for the middle and upper economic communities with the growth of affordable housing and luxury housing vertically and horizontally. The settlement transformation model determines the spatial and socioeconomic transformation process that encourages increased activity and interaction in new socioeconomic spaces. The results of this research will assist in formulating urban development sector policies for realizing suburban sustainability.